Overview Mechanical watches are a type of watch that can be generally divided into two types: manual winding and automatic winding watches (AUTOMATIC). The power of these two mechanical watches are from the clockwork winding machine, are driven by the clockwork gear and then promote the hands. Manual winding mechanical watch is to rely on manual winding power spring, the thickness of the movement than the average automatic winding watch thin, relatively speaking, the weight of the watch on the light. The self-winding watch is the use of automatic movement around the power generator to drive the clockwork, but relatively speaking the thickness of the watch on the manual winding larger (of course, as technology and technology advances Also appeared in the automatic watch is very thin watch). Mechanical watch without the need to replace the battery, after regular maintenance wash oil, can be used for a long time. Mechanical watch larger than the quartz watch, because of the quality of the production of the table and the internal movement of the core vulnerable to the impact of gravity and error. The error of a mechanical watch is usually calculated by the number of days per second, and the number of seconds per second by a quartz watch. Structural mechanical watch structure mainly by the energy device, the Department of gear, the pointer mechanism, the needle dial mechanism, escapement, vibration system 6 parts of the components, all installed in the main plywood, and then use a variety of small splint, pressure Film, pressure spring to be supported and fixed respectively. Small splint and compression, compression spring by the size of the screws connected with the main plate, and finally install the dial, hands and watch case, strap, it becomes a complete simple mechanical watch. Working principle Clockwork is to provide energy for the watch parts, wrapped around the bar. Tighten the square bar on the bar axis. The square groove of the shaft is driven by the winding mechanism. When the watch is full, it takes about 36 to 50 hours to walk. Since the spring is subject to significant stress, it often leads to fracture, so the current use of alloy materials, mechanical watch winding almost no break. The spring stores a certain amount of energy and is distributed to the oscillator uniformly and in small quantities. Maintenance of common sense Mechanical watch is driven by the mechanical gear and winding rotation, the rotation will inevitably produce friction, so the course of time must be refueling, lubrication, to reduce parts wear rate. Or wait until the wrong before sending repair, often the problem has been very serious. The best mechanical watch every year to check to see if there is improper use or water situation. In general, domestic climatic conditions such as hot and humid, sweat, rain and dirty air accumulate over a long period of time and cause chronic erosion to the machinery. The frequency and degree of damage are much higher than those in Europe, the United States and Japan. Therefore, periodic inspection is very important. Then every three to five years Need to make a thorough cleaning, maintenance. Usually watch marked on the 30 meters or 50 meters and other water is measured in the laboratory data refers to the atmospheric pressure can withstand 3Pa, 5Pa pressure, the usual waterproof watch is also limited to wearing a shower, hand washing. Do not swim, dive, bath, which will cause serious damage to the watch. Although automatic mechanical watches do not contain batteries, but in time for some easy maintenance is still very necessary. This is very helpful to extend the life of the watch and maintain a good movement state. Automatic winding watches operating principle is that the arm swing will drive the gear to winding, so as to achieve the purpose of automatic winding. Just move the arm every day, it will record the precise time. If you wear an automatic watch every day, the best way to maintain it is to wind it tight every two weeks to ensure that its gear runs smoothly and smoothly. Gently rotate the crown until you can feel the slight urgency. If you do not wear automatic watches every day, you should ensure that at least once every two days winding up to ensure the continued operation of the watch, that is, to ensure the normal operation of the internal mechanical devices. It is best to wind the watch at the same time each day. This approach is very useful for the internal mechanical devices. Do not set the date and day of the week index at night, mechanical control of the date and day of the week there is activity gap, if you change the setting at this time, it may upset the original law. It is not advisable to wear automatic watches for sports activities such as tennis, baseball, golf, etc., as sustained and violent arm movement destroys the watch's movement. Manual Mechanical Watch Overview Manual mechanical watch is driven by a manual winding clockwork watch. Introduction Manual mechanical watches generally by rotating the crown, to tighten the clockwork, clockwork system to release kinetic energy to drive the watch's timing function. All of these processes are done by mechanics and construction. The full winding of the watch usually can make the watch about 48 hours, the longest power watch even up to eight days or more. To keep the watch running, care should be taken to tighten it at any time; however, excessive tightening of the spring can cause damage to the watch, so it is usually advisable to wind it up only once a day. Structure source mechanism Mechanical watches are usually stored in tightened spring potential elastic energy as an energy source, in the normal operation of the watch mechanism, it will be the elastic potential energy into mechanical energy (drum rotation) release, and thus Drive the rotation of the gear train and maintain the vibration of the vibration system without damp vibration and the movement of the pointer mechanism or the additional mechanism. Transmission energy device can not be directly linked with the escapement, which is due to the structural constraints, that is, the number of work winding can not be too much, so the energy device and the escapement between the need to add a drive train - - The main drive train, in order to extend the watch a winding up the continuous working hours. The role of the wheel train and the following two aspects, one is the energy device to the balance wheel hairspring transmission system, and then is the calculation of vibration system vibration frequency escapement angle according to a certain relationship to the pointer system of the hour wheel, Sub-round and second round. A mechanism used to indicate time. Mechanical watch, the sub-wheel by cross-piece, cross gear to drive the wheel. The gear ratio between the minute wheel and the hour wheel is constant, that is, when the minute wheel rotates 12 times, the hour wheel rotates a circle. The seconds, minute and hour hands are mounted on the seconds, minute and hour tubes, respectively, thus forming a clockwise turn every 12 hours, a minute turn per hour, and a second turn per minute. Mechanical watch deconstruction of the upper body of the needle dial its role in two ways, first, the handle shaft through the clutch wheel, small steel wheels and large steel wheel passed to the axis, the axis of rotation, tighten the clockwork; the other by pulling The handle shaft rotates the handle shaft through the wheels of the clutch wheel, the setting wheel, the inter-wheel assembly, the hour wheel, the day cross wheel, the calendar wheel, the week wheel and other wheels to achieve the purpose of dialing to the point, the date and the day of the week. The gear train included in the pointer mechanism and the winding needle mechanism is also referred to as the auxiliary transmission gear train. The function of the escapement is to periodically and regularly supplement the energy transmitted by the gear train to the vibration system so as to maintain its unattenuated vibration. In addition, the vibration frequency of the vibration system is accurately calculated by the escape wheel Second wheel and other gears passed to the pointer mechanism to achieve the purpose of measuring time. Vibrating system The balance spring system has quite stable vibration cycle, so in the mechanical watch, the balance spring system as a vibration system, use it to generate standard time. Different types of movement, balance wheel hairspring system vibration cycle is different. The vibration cycle is usually - 2/5 seconds (18,000 hits / hour), 4/11 hrs (19800 hits / hour), 1/3 hrs / 216 hours, 1/4 hrs / 28800 hrs 1/5 second (36,000 times / hour). Escapement and vibration systems are commonly referred to as escapement governors. Automatic mechanical watch overview Automatic mechanical watch is an improvement of manual mechanical watch, and manual mechanical watch the only difference is the automatic mechanical watch set in the watch a winding pendulum can be rotated around the gear, when the human hand is moving , With the hand swinging table, the table can swing around the table in the center of the axis of rotation, and drive the gear step by step drive, and finally lead the clockwork ratchet rotation, the clock will be gradually tightened. When the winding tight to a certain extent, the pendulum is still moving, the clockwork idle gear idle, no longer power to the clockwork. Ordinary automatic mechanical watches still retain the manual winding function, in other words can still rotate the crown to winding, and only some cheaper automatic mechanical movement, will omit this feature. Because the wrist activity will watch continuous winding, automatic mechanical watches have the function of preventing winding too tight, in order to avoid winding damage. However, the appearance of automatic mechanical watches, and did not completely replace the manual mechanical watch, but the automatic mechanical watch more than manual mechanical watches. Automatic mechanical watches divided into automatic mechanical watches and semi-automatic mechanical watches. Table in the table around the axis of any direction (including clockwise, counterclockwise rotation) have a winding effect called automatic mechanical watches; the other is the pendulum rotation, only one direction is valid and the other direction is Idling called semi-automatic mechanical watch. Principle Automatic winding device installed in the back of the movement, open the back cover that you can see. General reversing wheel structure of the automatic table by the pendulum, reversing wheel, automatic transmission wheel, automatic wheel and other components. The pendulum is fixed on the central pendulum shaft by screws. Under the action of external force, it rotates around the center and drives the commutation wheel. The commutation wheel shaft tooth also drives the automatic transmission wheel to rotate. The automatic transmission wheel pushes the automatic wheel wheel, the automatic wheel engages with the big steel wheel tooth, Tooth rotation and a tooth on the bar. History In 1770, the Swiss watchmaker Abraham-Louis Perrelet invented the automatic mechanical watch, which was used on a pocket watch, which was later modified by Breguet. In 1923, the British Man of the Isle of Man, John Harwood, invented the automatic mechanical watch. In 1930, Rolex based on the summer live design, improve the 360-degree rotating pendulum, the original design of the pendulum can only swing at 300 degrees. Nowadays, more and more brands introduce a lot of automatic mechanical watches with load functions. They not only have accurate travel time, beautiful appearance, many functions, but also most adopt the latest scientific and technological achievements.
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