Jiang Chuanlong1, Liu Xiangyang2 (1. Cultural Heritage Protection Planning Center, Northwest University, Shaanxi Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau, Xi'an 710069, China; 2. Fuling Management Office, 713300, Gansu, Shaanxi) In recent years, due to the huge amount of historical and cultural information, the cultural heritage has been As a tourism resource, various places have been developed and utilized, and more and more people have paid attention to it. However, due to the lack of a mature and systematic identification system for cultural heritage sites, especially human landscapes and heritage sites, visitors have cognitive barriers to heritage values ​​and cultural connotations. The purpose of this paper is to explore how to introduce the system of signage systems into the field of ruins and tourism, and to increase the public's understanding and understanding of cultural heritage by enriching and perfecting the signage system, and to provide for the construction of archaeological sites.
I. Identification traceability For the connotation and extension of the name "identity", people have different understandings from different angles. The remarks are: "Identification, that is, 'flag'"; and under the "flag" entry, there is a citation from the water through the water: "Winning County West Sixty Miles has a quarter Zar, round, its high It can be hidden. There is a stone in front of it, and at the end of the Han Dynasty, it was set up by Gao Ling, without any narrative or logo."
On the argument that the water was diverted into the water, the ancient Shi Ming, the stone tablet, played the role of a sign. Wen Xuan Sun Yan (Yu Tian Tai Shan Fu) Zhong Shan Note: "Building the standard, the object is thought to be recognized." The English translation of the identification system is Signage or SignageSystan: a system that is oriented towards the identification of systematic design, comprehensively solves the problem of information transmission, identification, identification, image transmission, etc. '(-) Chengmakou' system from the objective reality, Although there were cities in ancient China, the structure of the city was simple. The identification system was first applied to the urban and public space fields, which was accompanied by the earliest commercial activities. The design of logos and sketches in the external space is an important part of the urban design related to environmental design. These logos and sketches can also play a role in calibrating and defining space. Logos and sketches are also known as street furniture (street furniture), landscape furniture (si by t Qillen) in the Concise Townscape (TheConciseTownscape), the cognitive sequence of the "scenario sequence" is moving through the urban space Observer's visual perception analysis, emphasizing urban spatial perception is the city public standard iP Shanghai Conference Center orientation guide map 2 city public standard 1, blowing school park public green space guide W map three city public logo foreign public card map The four tourist attractions mark i, the riding forest park guide signs are composed of a series of continuously changing visual images, and the observation viewpoints as dynamic elements are introduced in the static urban space. This principle has the same effect as the method of moving and changing the landscape in traditional garden design in China. It has been widely used in scenic spots and scenic spots to identify the characteristics of the times, cultural, artistic management facilities, and unified service facilities. Continuity Guided Logo Destination Orientation Current Location, Direction, Distance, Vehicle Choice Entrance and Exit Orientation, Directional Education Audience Knowledge, Popularity, Interesting Information Communication Logo Communication Historical and Cultural Information Standard Behavior Comprehensive, Linked, Popular Easy-to-understand management mark warning behavior, eye-catching, easy-to-understand notification management applied to urban design 'Table 1: Category 5A tourist scenic spot identification system classification and function map five tourist scenic spot glacier park guide sign (2) scenic spot Only the system map 6 tourist scenic spot identification Jiuxian Mountain Scenic Area entrance orientation description card in the tourist scenic spot, the type combination of the marking system constitutes a rigorous identification system, so the scientific classification of the marking system plays a role in assisting the tour and explaining the explanation, see Table 1 (Figure Four or six). As cultural heritage has become more and more concerned as a tourist resource, there has been a heritage tourism fever in the society; while the cultural relics, especially the human landscapes and sites, have been closed due to the security needs of Qing and cultural relics, with the media Concern and advocacy, the value of cultural heritage gradually enters the life vision of the general public, and the opening of cultural heritage to the public becomes a universal model of heritage utilization. As a tourist attraction, cultural heritage sites place higher demands on infrastructure. These facilities include lighting, sanitation, public facilities, and visual identification systems. The cultural heritage of the ruins generally lacks mature and systematic logos, while the large ruins have a large space. The media containing huge amounts of historical and cultural information is seriously damaged and cannot be interpreted through visual and linguistic media. The spatial layout of the visitors. Historical values ​​and cultural characteristics produce cognitive "lack of solutions."
This paper explores the introduction of the landmarks of tourist attractions into the field of ruins and tourism. The ship is rich and perfect, and plays a role in enhancing the public's understanding and cognition of cultural heritage.
Second, Fuling tim-like Fuling is the joint burial mausoleum of Tang Gaozong and the only female emperor Wu Zetian in Chinese history. It is located on Liangshan Mountain, 6 kilometers north of Ganxian County, Shaanxi Province. Liangshan is composed of three conical limestone peaks. The main peak is at the northern end of the sorghum, with an elevation of 1047.3 meters. The Fuling Palace is built in depth. The two peaks in the south are lower, and the east and west are opposite, and the rounds are quite beautiful, so the local people call it "the teat mountain".
Or "milk peak." Sima Road between the main peak and the main peak, with stone columns on both sides), wing horses, ostriches, hummers and scorpions, straight cabinet generals (Weng Zhong), Shishi, Wuzibei and Shubei, Fanchen stone statues and other large scales More than 120 stone carvings. The Fuling Mausoleum is shaped like the Chang'an City of Tang Dynasty. It was built from the beginning of the year, and was buried in Wuzetian in 705. After 23 years, the main works of the cemetery were basically completed. According to records, the cemetery has two inner and outer cities, and the inner city is set in four. There are many magnificent buildings such as the temple, the cloister, the cloister, the 60th court, the lower palace and so on. The whole cemetery is magnificent and magnificent. . After more than a thousand years of natural and man-made destruction, the historical and cultural information retained on the ground is extremely limited. In addition, the mausoleum palace has not been excavated, and its internal structure and a large number of cultural relics buried inside are not known, which makes it difficult to comprehensively understand the historical and cultural information of Fuling. Directly in front of visitors.
In addition, the area of ​​Fuling Mausoleum is vast, with many visits and long routes. Due to the lack of internal transportation system and transportation, visitors can't understand the layout of Fuling's hustle and bustle, and with the misleading of some travel practitioners, many people are sympathetic to the Tomb of the Prince. I have been to Fuling and cannot form an overall impression of Fuling.
At present, the transportation system of Fuling Cultural Relics Scenic Spot has not been systematically planned. Your squad line is arrogant and chaotic, resulting in the fall of the 131312 country itS to reach the middle of the Sima Road stone in the cemetery. It has become the main entrance of the Fuling scenic spot. In fact, this line of participation is a kind of destruction to the order of tourism in Fuling, and it also destroys the cultural order of the Lingling Mausoleum. The ancient Chinese mausoleum culture reflects the "ritual". The spatial layout of Fuling also follows this cultural characteristic. The structure of Fuling is sexual structure and regulation. The correct tour process should follow: Road, a pair of milk peaks (dairy) Simadao (Shendao) inner city four gates ruins ~ main mausoleum area "å¡ a recreation.
Among the more than 120 exquisite large stone carvings listed in the Fuling Mausoleum, there are many typical Tang Dynasty ornamentations and cultural symbols. After more than a thousand years of natural wind and rain, these stone carvings are more ambiguous and the bribes are carefully identified. It is only faintly beautiful, smooth and dynamic, and these patterns should reproduce its rich content through copying and copying. It can also increase the ornamental nature of the stone carvings, so that the visitors can only see the muscles and the dryness. The identification system has only a brief content and a simple shape. Within the entire scenic area, the identification system has no reasonable planning and system configuration, and thus lacks symbolic and systematic.
The shape of the Fuling logo system is mainly based on simple geometric shapes. The materials used and the colors of the outer decoration are inconsistent with the connotation of the Fuling culture and the environment. The main environmental color of Fuling Scenic Spot is a mixture of human and natural factors. The main human color is gray, the natural color is green, and the lingering of Fuling is crimson and black. In the landscape composition, on the subjective color. It is very abrupt; the bridge is mainly made of mud tiles. These materials are all artificial building materials. They are quite different from the natural stone materials used in the Lingling Mountains and many stone carvings.
The description text of the Fuling cultural relics and their ruins is too simple. Only the relics of the cultural relics are complicated. For example, the stone carvings of the wing horses and the Chinese watches, only the logo introduces its name "what is, but tourists do not know why". When you see the watch, visitors will immediately think of the tall and beautiful white marble watch in front of Tiananmen Square. The logo simply introduces its name without any meaning, and the tourists clearly correct it. The exact name of the Fuling stone watch should be "Stone" and its essential meaning should be It is a metaphor for the idea that the rulers of the Middle Ages prayed for the prosperity of the generations of Jiangshan and the descendants of the descendants. They are the same as the "stone ancestors" of the ancient ancestors' worship of human reproduction, but different from the meaning of the Chinese watch in front of Tiananmen.
Only cultural relics and site description cards, lack of warning signs and guiding signs. For example, tourists often step on and squat on stone carvings, which is a threat to cultural relics, but there is no corresponding sign to warn; as in the Fuling scenic area, it is impossible to know that they are in the whole through the guiding signs at the road junctions and important nodes. The location of the space layout, the visitors will feel confused and confused, only SU asked for directions.
The symbol and symbolize the only emperor of the two emperors and the emperor's tomb in the world. It is already a cultural symbol, and its cultural connotation is self-evident, but the status quo before Fuling leads to its ruins. The area has poor viewing and single color. As a part of the environmental landscape, the logo is invaluable in enhancing the appreciation of the landscape. By interpreting the visual symbol combination of the brand, color and content of the map of the Yaji Relics Park in Japan, it can increase the visual appreciation of Fuling, and make the characteristic cultural symbols of Fuling hidden through the identification system. .
The existing standard damage is severely affected by long-term wind and rain erosion, cold and hot freezing and thawing, which causes serious damage to some scenic spots. The phenomenon of tile falling off and overall cracking has not occurred, which can not meet the normal tourist demand. At the same time, it destroys the ornamental nature of the landscape.
Fourth, re-constructing the dry system identification system is an organic whole related to the environment. The construction of the Fuling Cultural Relics Scenic Spot Identification System is not only a simple explanation and auxiliary warning, but should be an important part of the scenic environment. For the understanding of the cultural connotation of Fuling scenic spot, the grasp of the overall color and cultural style of the scenic spot is an important factor in the environmentalization of the marking system. The original marking system can no longer meet the needs of the scenic spot, nor can it accurately and completely convey the cultural connotation of the cultural relics. Interest, this re-construction is consistent with the cultural relics and style of the scenic spot, and it is unrealistic to rely on the immovable identification system to complete the complete interpretation and in-depth interpretation of the site information. It should be provided in the tour. The medium and means of interactive interpretation meet the needs of visitors who need to know more extensive information and can be taken away after the tour. For this kind of movable medium, it can also be classified according to the age of the visitors to maximize the attraction of the visitors. Let the visitors take the tour with questions and play the role of participation and education.
(-) Tonguo is only the same as the current situation of the Fuling space to create Fuling space. The current tour behavior cannot be carried out according to the inherent "order" of Fuling, and the spatial layout system in Fuling is flat. The Fujian-Taiwan and the Daitai are the real entrances to Fuling and the starting point for paying homage to Fuling. Since the entrance to Fuling is now placed at Sima Road, a long section in front of it is directly removed from the people’s field of vision, which not only shortens The tour of tourists in Fuling also makes it impossible for visitors to appreciate the whole picture of Fuling, and it will not really appreciate the Feng Shui pattern and deep cultural connotation of Tang Fuling. The overall spatial layout of Fuling is a realistic reflection of ancient Chinese Feng Shui culture and ritual culture. Therefore, through the identification system planning, the existing main entrance is moved to the platform and the milk station, and the spatial pattern of Fuling is restored. The scientific and rational configuration of the identification system is used to reorganize the “scene order†of Fuling, which is not only for Fuling and The respect of the culture of Fuling is also a respect for the rights of tourists to visit.
In the process of searching for the Fuling scenic spot identification system according to the work f, special attention should be paid to the core cultural context of Fuling, that is, according to the spatial layout order of Fuling, specifically according to the two levels of the main tomb and the tomb Figure 9: Ruins of the park sign The division of the guide signs of the Yoshino-ri Relics Park in Japan, reflecting the strict hierarchy of the Tang Dynasty through the differences in the identification system. The Fuling Mausoleum is the main core area of ​​Fuling. It is the concentrated expression of the imperial tombs and imperial power system of the Tang Dynasty. The ranks are high. The tombs of the royal family members such as Jude, Zhang Huai and Yong Tai, as well as Xue Yuanchao, Li Jinxing and Liu Rendao, are buried in the tomb. The peripheral areas of the burial system are far from the main level of the regulation. The differences between these levels should also be reflected in the construction of the identification system.
By identifying the various forms of the system, the difference in the weight of the logo and the non-uniformity of the materials used in the logo, the visitors can form a clear understanding.
(2) Only the earning space order and the Feng Shui culture identification mark are placed at the nodes of the important traffic and scenic spots in the scenic spot, which can inform the visitors of the many information they need, and can also visualize the overall spatial layout to inform the overall scenic spot. The spatial layout allows visitors to make a preliminary impression of the entire scenic spot before the tour (Figures 7 and 8). Learn about the financial culture and ritual culture of Cognac by understanding the layout of Na. The overall space intention of the ship is to know the shape of the sleeping beauty of Fuling, thus increasing the desire of the visitors for the scenic tour. It is also possible to understand the management information through the overall layout, which is given for the tour time allocation. Can be more humane to meet the visitors' request.
(3) The guidance of the I bubble seal only guides the visitor to confirm the orientation of the orientation indicator is to guide the visitor to the destination at the traffic node and important scenic spots, inform the direction and provide the spatial orientation information M (Fig. 9). The guiding logo can provide a choice basis for visitors to visit, and can also provide visitors with time to visit, thus saving visitors time resources. On the other hand, it can also indirectly reflect the space of the Fuling cemetery.
(4) Information Communication Only conveys invisible information The beauty of Fuling lies in its artistic value and cultural value. The stone carvings of Fuling are called the Natural Stone Carving Art Museum, but at present, many information symbols of Fuling Stone Carvings are not fully displayed in front of tourists. The information available for excursions is very limited, because many invisible information cannot be visually reproduced, and visitors cannot see the media to know such information, which has become an obstacle to information dissemination.
Through the identification system planning, the information communication medium can be created, and more invisible information can be transmitted to the visitors. Compared with the text introduction, the graphics are more sexual. The text is also evolved from the graphics. The Fuling stone carvings are many beautiful. Decorative patterns cannot be described by words. If these contents are transmitted through the information transfer standard iP card, the appreciation of the stone carving will be greatly increased. For example, a pair of Chinese watches at the southern end of Sima Road, this pair of Chinese watches is the starting point of the stone carving display area, but the origin of the name of the watch, the delicate ornamentation and the meaning of the shape are not displayed on the signboard, causing the tourists to know "why" during the tour. . If the logo is further explained by the name, the ornamentation and the meaning, it will increase the appreciation of the watch, and it can also arouse the interest and desire of the visitors. Like the wing horse, the wing horse is the beast, and the art process is shaped. The totem, the shape and ornamentation of the wing horse also implies a large amount of cultural and artistic information. If the explanation of the logo is used, it can also convey more hidden information. Another example is Weng Zhong, the Weng Zhong of the stomach, originally referred to The image of the gods of the Xiongnu was entered into China by the Han Chinese in the Qin and Han Dynasties. It was used as a decoration for the palace. The civil and military officials of the "Golden Man", "Bronze Man" and "Jin Di" The stone statue has become an important representative object of the upper tombs and sacrifices of the upper gods of China. However, the existing standard only tells the stone statue to be Weng Zhong. In fact, there are many legends and studies about Weng Zhong. By transmitting this information on the signboard, it can be increased. The interest of visitors can also play a role in education and popularization of knowledge.
(5) taim mouth i éš¹ æ–‡ æ–‡ å°Š ç®¡ç† ç®¡ç† ç®¡ç† ç®¡ç† æ³¨ 注 注 注 注 注 注 注 注 注 注 注 注 注 注 注 注 注 注Due to the indifference of many visitors' cultural relics protection, barbaric visits often occur in scenic spots. Visitors are free to trample on cultural relics, sculpt cultural relics, and deliberately destroy cultural relics. In order to maintain the dignity of cultural relics, advocating civilized visits and strengthening the awareness of cultural relics, it is necessary to place management warning signs. Soft wording and goodwill reminders can prevent the occurrence of vandalism. The investigation shows that the installation of warning signs in the public green space of the city such as “Fang Cao, How to End†has indeed prevented the occurrence of trampling on the lawn. M. Currently in the site of the site, such warning signs with soft wording and goodwill reminder Rarely, causing some regrets. Therefore, the various scenic spots in Fuling Scenic Area should improve the design and placement of warning signs as soon as possible.
5. The visual “flag†symbol selection symbol of the Fuling logo system is the soul of the standard, and it is also the overall enrichment and generalization of the Fuling culture. It is unique, symbolic and easy to recognize. The choice of the cultural elements of the logo is the subjective cognition and association of the audience on the logo object. It is the memory code hidden in the subconscious. Different audiences have selective knowledge of the object, and the enhanced highlight of the common prominent feature symbol. It is the basis for the formation of universal cognition.
Saussure said that any symbol has the functions of "referring" and "signifier", which is the representational meaning of the symbol and the meaning of the meaning of the symbol. M. The representation of the Great Wall is a long wall with a defensive function; Its connotation has been transformed into a symbol, referring to the meaning of China, mahjong, and cohesion. Therefore, the symbolic choice of Fuling's visual cultural elements should deeply analyze the symbolic meaning of symbols, and extract the unique symbolic elements from it. The choice of visual signs of Fuling should follow this principle, from the cultural uniqueness of Fuling. Looking for cultural symbols, looking for visual and characteristic symbols in the symbolic system of Fuling culture, we need to extract the symbolic codes that form interference from the cultural connotation of Fuling, and from the awareness and cultural characteristics of Fuling The concrete and abstract cultural elements are refined and created to form a visual language, so that it is possible to convey the symbolic information of Fuling accurately and vividly.
For Fuling, Fuling's unique cultural symbols are in several aspects: (1), the special spatial form of Fuling, the overall shape of Fuling is a female image of sleeping beauty; (2) The stone carving of Fuling , wing horse shape, Wt type; (3), Fuling's ornamentation (4), the symbolic features of Fuling hostess Wu Zetian; and so on, these aspects can be used as a source of re-creation of the symbol of Fuling.
Conclusion The Fuling Logo System is one of the indispensable infrastructure projects in the construction of Fuling Cultural Relics. It plays an important supporting role in the display and protection of the site. During the transition from the construction of the archaeological site to the construction of the archaeological site park, the improvement of the marking system is of great significance to the interpretation and function of the site park. It is the most intuitive information dissemination medium for the public to tear the text and recognize the female product. The generalized identification system integrates the information carriers of different media attributes to maximize the dissemination of cultural and historical information of cultural relics through a complete system, which cannot be completed by the traditional identification system. The reconstructed Fuling identification system is a visitor. A deep understanding of the stupid media of Fuling's connotation and background information.
In short, the construction of the Fuling Cultural Relics Scenic Spot is a exploration based on the spatial order of the Fuling Mausoleum. It is an attempt to spread the cultural heritage value and is the need for cultural heritage protection; it shows and protects cultural heritage. It has a positive meaning, and its purpose is to bridge the gap between the public and the text.
Note: Northern Wei Shudao Yuan: Shui Jingzhu, Zhonghua Book Company, 2009, 45th Southern Dynasty Liang Xiaotong: Selected Works, Zhonghua Book Company, 1997, 231-Zhou Rui, Huang Yingjie, Zou Yi: Urban Logo Design, Tongji University Publishers 2004 edition, pp. 123-126.
Chen Nan: Logo Design, China Youth Press, 2006, 46-Tan Longbo: Urban Planning, Tsinghua University Press, 2005, Zou Yiyi: Development Direction of Future Urban Signage System, Hunan City Liu Xiangyang: Tang Dynasty Emperor Mausoleum, Sanqin Press, 2006, p. 8193; see also Pan Guxi: History of Ancient Chinese Architecture, China Building Industry Press, 2004, pp. 89-91.
Max Bensin, Elizabeth Walter, Xu Heng alcohol compilation: generalized semiotics and its application in design, China Social Sciences Press, Li Jiang, Hu Min: based on semiotics, design and expression, Zhang Nairen, Yu Xiaochuan: World Proceedings of the International Symposium on Cultural Heritage Asia, Beijing Institute of Technology Press, pp. 234-236.
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