Jade is produced in Myanmar and is widely used in China. The interpretation of the jade culture is closely related to the trade of ancient China and Burma.
In ancient times, there were two mainland bridges that communicated economic exchanges between the East and the West and cultural exchanges—the Northwest Silk Road and the Southwest Silk Road. The Northwest Silk Road began in Chang'an, passing through the northern end of Hengduan Mountain, entering Persia along the east-west corridor and arriving in Europe. The southwestern Silk Road is descended from the north-south corridor of the mountain by the capital of Tianfu, and is folded westward in the south of Hengduan Mountain. Ditch giant, passing through Burma through Europe. The two ancient Silk Roads have the same purpose and have the same goal, which has played a huge role in economic exchanges and cultural exchanges between the East and the West.
The Southwest Silk Road, known in the Han Dynasty as the “small body of poisonous roadsâ€, is the road leading to the body of poison (India). It runs from the ancient capital to the west and to the west. It is connected by counties and counties. The Southwest Silk Road, according to historians, is divided into two roads, the South and the West. The South Road is divided into the Minjiang River Road and the Wuji Road. The Minjiang River Road from Chengdu to the Yibin River is along the Lijiang River. The five-foot road is built by a Qin dynasty, from Yibin to Xiaguan (Dali). Because of the dangers of the region, the road is different from the Qin Dynasty. It is only five feet wide, so it is called Wujidao. South Road by Chengdu - Yibin - Zhaotong - Qujing - Kunming - Chuxiong - Dali - Baoshan (Yongchang) - Tengchong - Gu Yong - Myanmar - India (body poison). The West Road, also known as the Yak Road, is built by Sima Xiangru along the old road of the ancient yak squatting department, namely Chengdu - Lushan - 泸沽 - Xichang - Yanyuan - Dayao - Xiangyun - Dali and South Road Convergence.
The Southwest Silk Road has been very smooth in the Han Dynasty. The Han Dynasty established Yongchang County (now Baoshan) in western Yunnan. Yongchang County has also become a major hub for economic and cultural exchanges between the East and the West. The early jade was entered from Myanmar through this channel. China's.
When Jade entered China, it has always been a question for people to explore. There is a different view on this issue. British historian Joseph Needham said in his "The History of Chinese Science and Technology": "Before the 18th century, Chinese people did not know jadeite (Jadeite) This kind of thing, in the future, jadeite (Jadeite) was imported into China from Yunnan through Yunnan." Xia Xiangrong waited for "The History of Mineral Development in Ancient China" to say: "This is a question that remains to be explored." In recent years, many jade researchers have actively explored this issue. In his article "Jade Discovery", Zhang Zhubang said: "The jade of the arch was mined in the Yuan Dynasty." Ma Luogang and Cai Hanlun said in the article "The Emerald Tracing" of "Chinese Gems": "The time limit for jade discovery and entry into the trade field cannot be in the Yuan Dynasty, and it is even less likely to advance.... The end of the Ming Dynasty is not the jade The period of discovery... It is reliable to find that the age of jade is more than five hundred years.†In his book “Jade Historyâ€, Mr. Niu Bingzhen believed that “there was jade in the Zhou Dynasty and jade in the Han Dynasty....but until the Ming Dynasty The last year is still a rare treasure, ... jade products are popular in China, it is the Qing Dynasty." Through the analysis of historical materials, we can see that the earliest time to use jade is difficult to determine, but in any case, jade is used in large-scale in China. In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, this was an indisputable fact.
In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, Burma jade mining became a specialized industry. Except for the particularly good contribution to the king, most of them were sold to Guangdong and Yunnan merchants. These merchants transported jade to Guangdong, Beijing, and the Qing Dynasty during the Kangxi years. Jade was shipped to Beijing. Because Beijing is the capital of the Qing Dynasty, it is the place where the royal aristocrats gather and the wealthy businessmen gather. In addition, at that time, the society advocated luxury, paying attention to the arranging, the top of the shackles, the pilgrimage to the chest, the fingers on the hand are willing to buy a good Cui, so as not to be lower than others in the eyes. In addition, the court gave gifts and bribery. In order to avoid people's eyes and ears, jade is the most suitable gift, which also promoted the prosperity of the jade industry. At the same time, the king of Myanmar resumed tribute to the court from the first year of Emperor Kangxi (1662). According to "Guangxu·Yunnan Tongzhi", the king of Myanmar has tribute more than 20 times. The tribute includes elephants, sandalwood, rubies, sapphires and jade. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the mining and utilization of jadeite reached a peak period, and many jadeite products in the burial treasures of the Empress Dowager Cixi of the Qing Dynasty also fully explained this point. The old jade artifacts seen today are the products of this period.
Throughout the history of jade products, the design style and production process can be divided into three periods:
Late Qing Dynasty:
In the middle and late Qing Dynasty, jade jewellery is dominated by local culture in the design style. It emphasizes the utmost importance and strives for symmetry. This is consistent with the golden mean of traditional Chinese culture. In the production process, inlaid jade jewelry is mainly composed of gold inlay or filigree inlay, highlighting the main stone, and less use of stone to make it simple and clear. Jade carving jewelry is mainly composed of vegetarian and embossed. The relief lines are smooth and simple, and the content is mostly traditional patterns. The jade jewelry of this period is not luxurious, simple and natural, but the "taste" is sufficient.
During this period, the processing technology of jade jewelry has made great progress. At the same time, Western culture has deeply influenced the traditional jewelry design. The jade jewelry is becoming more and more complicated, the luxury wind is heavy, and the carving process is mainly through openwork and deep relief. The matching stone on the inlay process is more luxurious and rich.
In the past 20 years, the design of jade jewelry has become more exquisite and personalized. Although the processing method of jade jewelry is still the same, the design tends to be diversified, that is, it has very traditional national characteristics and has European style. Each of the above is advocating simplicity, color matching and unique personality, so although there is a certain trend in this stage, the personality in the high-end jade jewelry design is still strong.
So why did Jadeite have such a great charm in the short-term history of large-scale use of more than 200 years, attracting many emperors and relatives, and the fascination of the nobles and nobles, the reason may be the green of jade, the kind of ice crystal jade The feeling, the green of the emerald symbol of vitality, and the scarcity of jade. Chinese people love jade for a long time. People love the whiteness and warmness of jade. They personalize jade and give them many good wishes. Jade not only inherits the characteristics of white jade, but also attracts Chinese people with its green color. attention. Today, jadeite is one of the most popular jewellery varieties in the Chinese culture. People are constantly looking for jade in various ways and enjoying the joy brought by jade. Every year, Hong Kong's two major auction companies have nearly 800 million Hong Kong dollars in jade auction transactions, showing that jade is sought after.
The value of jade is limited, and the value of the mood we love jade is unlimited. Wear a piece of emerald! Enjoy a good mood.
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