Jinhao Acrylic Co., Ltd. Research and Development Department, mainly engaged in the development of new acrylic products Dingzuo dry acrylic fiber and wet acrylic fiber due to different production processes, the dyeing properties are very different. Although the color rate experiments have proved that the wet and dry acrylic fiber 105 C can achieve the same dyeing effect (such as), but most printing and dyeing plants do not have printing equipment for printing and dyeing equipment, in general, the maximum temperature can reach 100C so soon It is very important to find a set of optimal dyeing process parameters that are suitable for dry acrylic fibers and wet acrylic fibers under normal temperature and pressure (ie, the same bath dyeing is basically no color difference).
1 Comparison of dyeing rates of wet fiber 2 Auslon or wet fiber 1 Dyeing principle Dyeing is a complex process. The textile fibers are placed in the dye bath, the dyestuffs are left in the solution and transferred to the fibers, finally dyeing the fibers. The dyeing process generally includes three stages of adsorption, diffusion, and fixation. When the fiber is put into the dyeing solution, the dyestuff in the dyeing solution will gradually diffuse into the fiber and be absorbed by the surface of the fiber gradually. As a result, the concentration of the dye will be formed inside and outside the fiber, which will cause the dye to diffuse from the surface of the fiber to the inside of the fiber. Finally, The dyes that diffuse into the fibers are bound to the fibers. The strength of the bond is related to the molecular structure of the dye, the chemical structure and physical structure of the fibers, and the dyeing conditions.
For example, when acrylic fiber is used to dye acrylamide, the acrylic acid group on the acrylic fiber is negatively charged on the surface of the fiber due to the introduction of the acid group of the third monomer. That is, the cationic dye is positively charged after being ionized in the dyeing solution. (b+).
In the dyeing bath, the negatively charged fibers and the cations of the dyes undergo electrostatic attraction, which causes more dye cations to be adsorbed on the surface of the fibers to form a concentration difference between the surface of the fibers and the internal dyes. From the secondary transformation temperature of the acrylic fibers, the dyes are directed to the fibers. The interior of the structure diffuses and infiltrates and is finally bound together with salt bonds. The bonding process is as follows: Acrylic-SO3+b+Acrylic-S3b The acid group on the acrylic that can bind to the dye cation is often referred to as the “dyeing seat.†The diffusion of the dye within the fiber can be viewed as a transfer from one dyed seat to another. Dye seats.
2 Differences in the dyeing mechanism of wet and dry acrylic fibers From the fiber structure point of view, the wet fiber is formed in the coagulation bath, and the molding is fiercer. The internal structure has voids and micro L, the surface is rough, and the structure is relatively loose. The dry acrylic fiber is formed in nitrogen. Due to the ease of molding conditions, the dye is easy to adsorb and diffuse when the structure is uniform, dense, and loose. Therefore, the dyeing rate is faster than the dry method under the same dyeing conditions.
From the fiber cross-section, wet acrylic cross-section is circular, dry acrylic cross-section is dumbbell-shaped, generally speaking, under the same dyeing conditions, the visual depth of color in order of round> kidney shape> dumbbell.
Research studies abroad have confirmed that wet fibers begin to absorb dyes when the dye bath temperature is low. If the wet and dry fibers are placed in the same dye bath, the wet fiber first absorbs the dye when the dye bath temperature rises from low to high.
3 experimental design For the wet and dry acrylic fiber in the dyeing performance of a lot of differences, we from the dyeing equipment, dyeing liquid preparation, dyeing temperature curve selection and dry and wet acrylic blend ratio, etc., and strive to find out a set of the best process Parameters, to minimize the color difference between dry and wet acrylic fibers in the same dye bath.
3. Experiment 1 I - Choice of blending ratio 1 Apparatus and equipment R? 1180 High-temperature and high-pressure dyeing machine, CA? 5 (1) Laboratory carding machine, balance, glass staining test tube and test tube rack, and dryer.
3.12 Preparation of Reagents 3 Preparation of Samples 8 kinds of mixing ratios, dry and wet acrylic fibers were mixed, and the mixing ratios are shown in Table 1. Table 1 Dry Fiber Ratio of Samples of Each Sample Dry Fibers Proportions of Dry Fibers Wet Fibers Proportions Note: Each sample was combed with a CA?5(1) laboratory carding machine.
Configure the same dye 8 parts, formula: dye liquor 20ml (staining temperature curve: fibers 50C dyeing, 85C constant temperature 15min, then rose to 98C, incubated 60min, and finally naturally cooled to room temperature.
After dyeing according to the above dye liquor formula and temperature curve, the coloring conditions of each sample and the corresponding residual liquid color and transmittance are as shown in Table 2. Table 2 Different blending ratio conditions On the 5th, the color was dark, and the degree of opacity was the highest on the 1st, and weakened in turn; the 67th was light in color and translucent; the 8th was almost colorless and had good transparency.
No. 1 light green; sample No. 2 to No. 7 light green and dark green mixed; No. 8 dark green.
No. 1 and No. 8 are monochromatic; Samples No. 2 to No. 7 all have different degrees of dyeing, while No. 4 and No. 5 have the smallest contrast between dark and light colors.
Note: The mixing percentage of dry and wet fibers is shown in Table 1. 3.1.6 Analysis of the results of experiment 1 At the same dye bath temperature and pressure conditions, sample No. 1 (100% dry sample) has the lightest (light green) residue. The thickest (dark opaque) sample No. 8 (1(1) wet-process fiber) has the deepest color (dark green) and its residue is almost colorless and transparent, and the more the wet fiber content in several proportions, the more the concentration of the raffinate becomes. Low, it can be seen that wet acrylic fibers absorb dyes more easily than dry acrylic fibers.
When the wet and dry acrylic fibers were mixed, the dyeing phenomenon occurred due to the different abilities of the two acrylic dyes to absorb dyes. Among them, two samples No. 4 and No. 5 (the ratios were 70:30 and 60:40, respectively) were properly proportioned. Easy to mix, so from the overall effect, the phenomenon of dyeing is less obvious. Therefore, we believe that wet and dry acrylic blends of 70:30 and 60:40 are better for mixing and dyeing.
3.2 Experiment 2 Selection of dyeing temperature In dyeing, the dyeing rate of dry and wet acrylic fibers varies greatly. This is mainly due to the fact that wet acrylic fibers are placed in the same dye bath in the dyed room-temperature fibers. When the dye bath temperature rises from low to high, the wet fibers absorb the dye first. Therefore, the dyeing in the low-temperature stage is beneficial to the wet-process fibers, but not to the dry-process fibers. Therefore, we first increase the fiber dyeing temperature, the experimental process is as follows.
3.2.1 Instruments and Equipment R? 1180 high-temperature and high-pressure dyeing machine, glass staining test tubes and test tube racks, balance, drying oven.
3.22 Samples Use 4 proportions of the sample, the composition as shown in Table 3. Table 3 mixed percentage dry acrylic acrylic wet acrylic 3.2.3 Dyeing conditions 4 Preparation of the same dye 4 copies, the temperature curve see.
Naturally cooled to room temperature Experiment 2 Temperature curve sample Residual liquid color and transmittance Sample coloration Color depth, light transmittance difference is slightly darker than that of experiment No. 1 Sample color Light green, good transmittance and experiment 1 The sample No. 8 was similar in dark green color and slightly transparent to those of No. 4 and No. 5 in Experiment No. 1. The percentage of dyeing was further reduced. Note: The percentage of dry and wet fiber blends is shown in Table 3. 3.2.5 Experiment 2 Analysis of results from The above experiment shows that when the dyeing temperature is increased to the temperature near the glass transition temperature of the dry fiber, the dry acrylic fiber becomes loose due to the fiber structure, so that the dyeing speed is accelerated and the coloring rate is significantly improved, while the wet acrylic fiber is not significantly changed. Therefore, the phenomenon of flowering is weakened.
3.3 Experiment 3 Selection of retarder dosage In order to further reduce the color difference between the wet and dry acrylic fibers dyed under the same dyeing conditions and to weaken the dyeing phenomenon of the blended products, it is important to solve the coloration rate problem and obtain the level dyeing effect. Therefore, the amount of cationizing retardant should also be controlled in the dyeing liquor. Cationic retarder is a colorless compound with positive charge. It can also be regarded as a colorless cationic dye and has affinity for acrylic fibers. Its molecules are smaller than dyes, and its diffusion rate during dyeing is faster. Because of its surface activity, it is easier for dyes to penetrate the interior of fibers and compete with dyes for dyeing on acrylic fibers, delaying the dyeing speed of dyes. The affinity of the cation retarder to the fiber is less than the affinity of the dye to the fiber, and the dye cation gradually replaces some of the retarder when the dye is dyed. At the same time, the cationic slow-release agent also has a shifting effect, that is, under the action of a slow-dyeing agent, the dyestuff can migrate on the dyed matter, and in particular it can shift from the more concentrated part to the lighter part, so that the dyeing product is not Dye flowers. The retarder 1227 we use is an alkyl aryl quaternary ammonium salt cationic retarder. This cation retarder is mainly based on retarding dyeing and has a certain role in dye transfer. Its molecular formula is 1 without retarding agent. 2 Appropriate amount of retarder 3 Modifier overdose The relationship between the amount of the retarder and the coloring rate is experimentally designed as follows.
3.3.1 Instruments, Equipment and Specimen Experiments 2. 3.3.2 Preparation of Reagents The following reagents should be prepared in the standard liquid post: 0. 3.3.3 Conditioning of dyeing conditions: To compare the effects of different 1227 dosages on the staining results. , Designed two sets of dyeing liquor, the ratio of which is shown in Table 5. 50; temperature curve with the experiment 2. Table 5 Experimental group 2 dye liquor ratio ml dyeing liquor ratio dyeing liquor NaAcHAc1227 water (0. 3.3.4 Experiment 3 Results and Analysis The 4 samples in the 2 groups of experiments were all significantly lighter than the corresponding samples of the experiment 2. The first reason was that due to the use of a slowing agent and no boiling dye was achieved, the dye base was also delayed by a certain amount of cations. The dye occupies, the dye cations do not completely replace the slow dyeing agent; the second is because the two sets of retarder and dye amount are respectively multiplied by the sum of their f values ​​(58=258 second group 1+2X0.58=3.16) Both are larger than the saturation constant of the fiber, and are used in excess, thus significantly affecting the final coloring rate, resulting in a distinct color of the dyed sample.
The color of the first group was lighter than that of the first group compared with the second group. The main reason was that the second group used more retarder than the first group.
Comparing experiment 2, the color difference between No. 1 and No. 2 samples in these two groups of experiments was reduced, mainly due to the fast coloration rate of wet acrylic, and the coloring mechanism of cationic retarder was similar to that of cationic dyes. Therefore, it is also easy to use. Wet acrylic fibers are attached, so the slow-drying effect of wet acrylic fibers is stronger than the slow-drying effect of dry acrylic fibers.
The dyeing phenomenon of the 3rd and 4th samples in the 2 groups of experiments was significantly weakened, mainly due to the slow-dyeing effect of slow-drying agents on wet acrylic fibers compared with the slow-staining effect on dry acrylic fibers. In addition, since the 1227 cationic retarder has a slow-dyeing effect, it also plays a role in shifting the dye, allowing the dye to move on the dyed matter, and in particular it can be transferred from the more concentrated part to the lighter part, thereby achieving Leveling effect.
3. Experiment 4 Selection of optimum process parameters 3.41 Determination of experimental design temperature curve: Selecting an appropriate temperature-increasing curve can effectively control the dyeing rate of the dye, so as to achieve uniform dyeing effect. In general, variable speed heating method, constant temperature dyeing method and stepwise temperature rising method can be adopted. Taking into account the feasibility of the operation, we used a stepwise temperature-dyeing method, that is, between each temperature section, we can insulate it, make it dyed at a constant temperature for a period of time, and finally raise it to 100 Q for short-term treatment. Conducive to uniform dyeing. According to the temperature and color rate curve Wu Guanying. Dyeing and finishing technology (third volumes). Beijing: Textile Industry Press,. Beijing: Textile Industry Press, 1985. One welcomes the subscription in 2002 (Textile Machinery Magazine 2404/TS. Founded more than 20 years ago, focusing on the combination of theory and practice, reporting a large number of textiles at home and abroad in the form of scientific papers, research reports, etc. The development of machinery and creative research achievements in the academic field; reports on the policies and policies of the textile and textile machinery industry and advanced experience in corporate management, technological innovation, and technological transformation.Involving the review, textile equipment, textile electrical The columns of “Design, Manufacturing, Production Practices, and Enterprise Management†have provided a lot of valuable information for the promotion of academic exchanges and the promotion and application of scientific and technological achievements and have been welcomed by readers.
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